{"id":3289,"date":"2021-03-03T09:44:24","date_gmt":"2021-03-03T08:44:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kiplweb.fjfi.cvut.cz\/wordpress\/?page_id=3289"},"modified":"2021-03-05T12:06:34","modified_gmt":"2021-03-05T11:06:34","slug":"souteze-3d-kalendare","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kiplweb.fjfi.cvut.cz\/web\/souteze-3d-kalendare\/","title":{"rendered":"Sout\u011b\u017ee – 3D kalend\u00e1\u0159e"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t

3D kalend\u00e1\u0159e<\/strong><\/big><\/big><\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

doc. Ing. \u0160tefan Zajac, CSc.<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
3D kalend\u00e1\u0159e - rok 2021<\/h6>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
  1. –> \u00davod<\/strong><\/span><\/li>
  2. \u0160ablony 3D kalend\u00e1\u0159\u016f 2021 (CZ)<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/li>
  3. \u0160ablony 3D kalend\u00e1\u0159\u016f 2021 (EN)<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/li>
  4. Publikovan\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek k 3D kalend\u00e1\u0159\u016fm<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

    SOUT\u011a\u017d TVORBY 3D kalend\u00e1\u0159\u016f – ROK 2021<\/strong><\/h4>

    \"\"<\/p>

    Od roku 2017 [1] jsme v\u017edy v 1. \u010d\u00edsle dan\u00e9ho ro\u010dn\u00edku \u010dasopisu In<\/strong>ova\u010dn\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed a transfer technologi\u00ed<\/b> \u00a0na p\u0159edposledn\u00ed stran\u011b jeho ob\u00e1lky publikovali ur\u010dit\u00fd trojdimenzion\u00e1ln\u00ed (3D) model mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho Gregori\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho kalend\u00e1\u0159e<\/strong> pro dan\u00fd rok. Pro rok 2021 uv\u00e1d\u00edme na ji\u017e tradi\u010dn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b zase jin\u00fd model.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>

    Dvan\u00e1ct m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f v\u00a0roce je mo\u017eno zobrazit pomoc\u00ed dvoudimenzion\u00e1ln\u00ed (2D) s\u00edt\u011b alespo\u0148 12 mnoho\u00faheln\u00edk\u016f z\u00a0nich\u017e je pak mo\u017eno zkonstruovat dvan\u00e1ctist\u011bn pomoc\u00ed vyzna\u010den\u00ed hran a z\u00e1lo\u017eek pro pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 spojov\u00e1n\u00ed mnoho\u00faheln\u00edk\u016f ve 3D geometrii. Ji\u017e z\u00a0antick\u00e9 geometrie je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee jedin\u00fdm pravideln\u00fdm (konvexn\u00edm) dvan\u00e1ctist\u011bnem je pentagon\u00e1ln\u00ed dodekaedr [2] z\u00a0celkem p\u011bti tzv. plat\u00f3nsk\u00fdch t\u011bles. \u00a0Lze pokra\u010dovat v\u00a0tvorb\u011b polopravideln\u00fdch mnohost\u011bn\u016f, speci\u00e1ln\u011b tzv. archim\u00e9dovsk\u00fdch t\u011bles [3]. Vyu\u017e\u00edt p\u0159itom je mo\u017eno i v\u00edce ne\u017e dvan\u00e1ctist\u011bn, bu\u010f jen k\u00a0vypln\u011bn\u00ed prostoru, anebo k\u00a0n\u00e1pisu nap\u0159. \u201epour felicit\u00e9r\u201c. \u00a0<\/p>

    Je mo\u017eno vhodn\u00e9 mnohost\u011bny i p\u0159\u00edmo vytv\u00e1\u0159et ve 3D geometrii z\u00a0nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f. Programy pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b \u0159adu let p\u0159ipravoval dlouholet\u00fd v\u011bdeck\u00fd pracovn\u00edk Matematick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu AV \u010cR a velmi v\u00fdkonn\u00fd \u010dlen Jednoty \u010desk\u00fdch matematik\u016f a fyzik\u016f RNDr. Karel Hor\u00e1k, CSc. kter\u00fd, bohu\u017eel, 22.\u00a0srpna 2020 zem\u0159el ve v\u011bku 66 let. Programov\u00e1n\u00ed 3D kalend\u00e1\u0159e po n\u011bm p\u0159evzal Matematick\u00fd \u00fastav AV \u010cR.<\/p>

    Na kated\u0159e in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed pevn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek (KIPL) Fakulty jadern\u00e9 a fyzik\u00e1ln\u011b in\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00e9 \u010cVUT v\u00a0Praze jsme v\u00a0z\u00e1v\u011bru roku 2020 vyhl\u00e1sili sout\u011b\u017e ke konstrukc\u00edm 3D Gregori\u00e1nsk\u00fdch kalend\u00e1\u0159\u016f ve form\u011b polopravideln\u00fdch mnohost\u011bn\u016f. 3D geometrie takov\u00e9ho \u00fakolu m\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edmou souvislost se symetri\u00ed krystalick\u00fdch pevn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek a s\u00a0jejich odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edmi mikroskopick\u00fdmi a makroskopick\u00fdmi vlastnostmi. Je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m 3D prostoru existuje 14 Bravaisov\u00fdch m\u0159\u00ed\u017eek. V\u00a0nich je mo\u017eno zav\u00e9st 14 element\u00e1rn\u00edch bun\u011bk [4].\u00a0 Jejich ur\u010den\u00ed a stanoven\u00ed cel\u00e9 krystalick\u00e9 struktury je p\u0159edm\u011btem strukturn\u00ed difraktografie, prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 pomoc\u00ed extern\u00edho rentgenov\u00e9ho, neutronov\u00e9ho anebo elektronov\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. Mikroskopick\u00e9 vlastnosti pevn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek jsou ur\u010deny elektronovou strukturou valen\u010dn\u00edch elektron\u016f jejich atom\u016f. Vzhledem ke korpuskul\u00e1rn\u011b-vlnov\u00e9mu dualismu mikro\u010d\u00e1stic je tato struktura studov\u00e1na a zobrazov\u00e1na v\u00a0reciprok\u00e9m prostoru vlnov\u00fdch vektor\u016f t\u011bchto mikro\u010d\u00e1stic. V\u00a0tomto prostoru zvolen\u00fdmi element\u00e1rn\u00edmi bu\u0148kami jsou tzv. Brillouinovy z\u00f3ny. V\u00a0nich se zobrazuje p\u00e1sov\u00e1 elektronov\u00e1 struktura dan\u00fdch krystalick\u00fdch pevn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek. Z\u00a0n\u00ed pak vypl\u00fdvaj\u00ed makroskopick\u00e9 vlastnosti pevn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek \u2013 mechanick\u00e9, tepeln\u00e9, elektrick\u00e9, magnetick\u00e9, optick\u00e9 a dal\u0161\u00ed. Velk\u00fdmi v\u00fdkony, ocen\u011bn\u00fdmi Nobelov\u00fdmi cenami\u00a0\u00a0 v z\u00e1v\u011bru 20.stolet\u00ed, byly objevy zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 pomoc\u00ed difraktografie v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m 3D prostoru, a to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm fullereny<\/strong> [5] \u2013 -velk\u00e9 molekuly kulovit\u00e9ho nebo elipsoid\u00e1ln\u00edho tvaru, tvo\u0159en\u00e9 vysok\u00fdm po\u010dtem atom\u016f uhl\u00edku a maj\u00edc\u00ed dostatek prostoru k um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed jin\u00fdch atom\u016f nebo mal\u00fdch molekul ve sv\u00fdch dutin\u00e1ch. Jsou mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b odoln\u00e9 v\u016f\u010di vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm vliv\u016fm. D\u00e1le to jsou \u00a0\u00a0kvazikrystaly<\/strong> [6], ve kter\u00fdch p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b byla zji\u0161t\u011bna p\u0159\u00edtomnost d\u0159\u00edve teoreticky nep\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e1 5-\u010detn\u00e1 rota\u010dn\u00ed osa symetrie. Kvazikrystalick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly maj\u00ed neobvykl\u00e9 kombinace fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch vlastnost\u00ed a speci\u00e1ln\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed . Ve 21. stolet\u00ed byly na z\u00e1klad\u011b detailn\u00edch teoretick\u00fdch studi\u00ed elektronov\u00fdch struktur formulov\u00e1ny topologick\u00e9 f\u00e1zov\u00e9 p\u0159echody<\/strong> a jsou zkoum\u00e1ny nov\u00e9 topologick\u00e9 f\u00e1ze l\u00e1tek, <\/strong>roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed klasick\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00ed l\u00e1tek podle elektrick\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed na izol\u00e1tory, polovodi\u010de, vodi\u010de a supravodi\u010de o dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enosti.<\/p>

    S\u00a0danou motivac\u00ed prob\u011bhla na kated\u0159e in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed pevn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek FJFI \u010cVUT vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00e1 sout\u011b\u017e tvorby 3D kalend\u00e1\u0159\u016f<\/strong> a byla zavr\u0161ena s t\u011bmito v\u00fdsledky:<\/p>

    3. cenu<\/u> z\u00edskali poslucha\u010di KIPL<\/strong>, kte\u0159\u00ed sestavili jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed modely 3D kalend\u00e1\u0159e 2021 z celkem 17 nab\u00eddnut\u00fdch (Na obr\u00e1zku model vlevo naho\u0159e) – uplatniteln\u00e9 v krystalografii.<\/p>

    2. cenu<\/u> z\u00edskala Ing.A.Nov\u00e1kov\u00e1<\/strong> za konstrukci modelu 3D kalend\u00e1\u0159e \u201ena d\u00e1lku\u201c, a elektronick\u00e9 zasl\u00e1n\u00ed jeho fotografie komisi sout\u011b\u017ee.(Model uprost\u0159ed obr\u00e1zku).<\/p>

    1. cenu<\/u> z\u00edskala Ing. L.Celbov\u00e1<\/strong> za konstrukci modelu 3D kalend\u00e1\u0159e s \u201eprom\u011bnlivou topologii\u201c \u2013 p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed nebo absenc\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00edho otvoru ve 3D objektu, a to konk\u00e1vn\u00edm nebo konvexn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem pro jednotliv\u00e1 ro\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed. Model p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 skl\u00e1da\u010dku kaleidocyklus, a je velmi inspirativn\u00ed pro nov\u00e9 topologick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly intenzivn\u011b zkoum\u00e1ny v sou\u010dasn\u00fdch sv\u011btov\u00fdch laborato\u0159\u00edch a prezentov\u00e1ny na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch konferenc\u00edch (Model na obr\u00e1zku vlevo dole).<\/p>

    0. cenu<\/u> z\u00edskal Ing. Martin Dr\u00e1b, PhD<\/strong>. za konstrukci r\u016fzn\u00fdch model\u016f 3D kalend\u00e1\u0159\u016f s\u00a0pou\u017eit\u00edm technologie 3D tisku, vymykaj\u00edc\u00ed se z\u00a0p\u016fvodn\u00edho zad\u00e1n\u00ed sout\u011b\u017ee, a s\u00a0uplatn\u011bn\u00edm obecn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch rota\u010dn\u00edch symetri\u00ed \u2013 vedouc\u00edch k\u00a0nov\u00fdm mo\u017en\u00fdm struktur\u00e1m fulleren\u016f a fullerit\u016f (Na obr\u00e1zku modely vpravo naho\u0159e a dole).<\/p>

    Va\u0161e event. zapojen\u00ed do dan\u00e9 tvorby i po uz\u00e1v\u011brce sout\u011b\u017ee je nad\u00e1le mo\u017en\u00e9 a v\u00edtan\u00e9.<\/span><\/b><\/h4>

    Reference<\/strong><\/p>

    [1] \u0160. Zajac: \u201e3D \u2013 Inovace kalend\u00e1\u0159e\u201c, ip&tt XXV-1(2017), 12.<\/p>

    [2] D. J. Struik: D\u011bjiny matematiky<\/em>, Orbis, Praha 1963.<\/p>

    [3] M. K\u0159\u00ed\u017eek, L. Somer, A. \u0160olcov\u00e1: Kouzlo \u010d\u00edsel<\/em>, Academia, Praha 2009.<\/p>

    [4] Ch. Kittel: \u00davod do fyziky pevn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek<\/em>, Academia, Praha 1985.<\/p>

    [5] R. Curl, H. Kroto, R. Smalley: Nobelova cena za chemii za rok 1996.<\/p>

    [6] D. Shechtman: Nobelova cena za chemii za rok 2011.<\/p>

    [7] D.J. Thouless, F.D.M. Haldane, J.M. Kosterliz: Nobelova cena za fyziku za rok 2016.<\/p>

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0160tefan Zajac<\/p>

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Fakulta jadern\u00e1 a fyzik\u00e1ln\u011b in\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00e1 \u010cVUT v Praze<\/p>

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stefan.zajac@fjfi.cvut.cz<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    3D kalend\u00e1\u0159e doc. Ing. \u0160tefan Zajac, CSc. 3D kalend\u00e1\u0159e – rok 2021 –> \u00davod \u0160ablony 3D kalend\u00e1\u0159\u016f 2021 (CZ) \u0160ablony 3D kalend\u00e1\u0159\u016f 2021 (EN) Publikovan\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek k 3D kalend\u00e1\u0159\u016fm SOUT\u011a\u017d TVORBY 3D kalend\u00e1\u0159\u016f – ROK 2021 Od roku 2017 [1] […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":536,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"footnotes":""},"folder":[42],"class_list":["post-3289","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kiplweb.fjfi.cvut.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3289","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kiplweb.fjfi.cvut.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kiplweb.fjfi.cvut.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kiplweb.fjfi.cvut.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kiplweb.fjfi.cvut.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3289"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/kiplweb.fjfi.cvut.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3289\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3572,"href":"https:\/\/kiplweb.fjfi.cvut.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3289\/revisions\/3572"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kiplweb.fjfi.cvut.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/536"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kiplweb.fjfi.cvut.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3289"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"folder","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kiplweb.fjfi.cvut.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/folder?post=3289"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}